isiZulu
Kwadalwa ngo 09.09
Ukucushwa kwezinzwa ezahlukene zokuhlola izici eziguqukayo zamabhereka esekhethi
Ukuhlolwa kwezici zokuguquguquka kwe-breaker yisinyathelo esibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza kwemishini ye-switchgear. Ukunemba kwemiphumela yokuhlola kuncike kakhulu ekukhetheni nasekufakeni kahle kwama-sensor, kanye nokulandela ngokuqinile izindinganiso zomkhakha ezifanele. Lesi sihloko sichaza ngokuhlelekile izinhlelo zokumiswa kwama-sensor, imibandela eyinhloko yokuhlola, nezindlela zokuhlola amapharamitha abalulekile ngokusekelwe emishinini yokuhlola ye-breaker evamile kanye nezindinganiso zomkhakha zanamuhla, njengereferensi yobuchwepheshe kwabasebenzi bokuhlola basensimini.
I. Izimiso Zokucushwa Kwezinzwa kanye Nezinhlelo Zokukhetha
Izinzwa zisetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko ukuthwebula amasignali okunyakaza kwemishini kusuka koxhumana nabo abanyakazayo bama-circuit breaker, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukubala imingcele ebalulekile yokuhlola njengohambo nesivinini. Izinhlobo zezinzwa ezivamile kanye nezimo zazo ezisebenzayo zimi kanje:
I-Sensor Yokunyakaza Okulandelanayo (Linear Displacement Sensor)
Isebenza ku: Ama-circuit breaker anokunyakaza okulandelanayo kokuxhumana okunyakazayo, ngokuvamile ama-vacuum circuit breaker.
Izici Zobuchwepheshe Namanothi: Ilingsa ngokuqondile uhambo olulandelanayo ngokunemba okuphezulu; lena isixazululo se-sensor esisetshenziswa kakhulu ezimweni zokusebenza zasensimini.
I-Sensor Yokunyakaza Okujikelezayo Kwe-angular (Rotary Angular Displacement Sensor)
Isebenza ku: Ama-circuit breaker lapho ukuxhumana okunyakazayo kuqhutshwa izandla zokuxhumanisa noma ama-shaft okushayela, ngokuvamile asetshenziswa kwamanye ama-SF₆ circuit breaker.
Izici Zobuchwepheshe Namanothi: Kukala i-engeli yokujikeleza futhi kuyiguqule ibe uhambo olulandelanayo; ukufakwa okunembile kwemingcele yezilinganiso zegiya kuyadingeka ngesikhathi sokusebenzisa.
I-Accelerometer
Kusebenza kulezi zimo: Izimo zokuhlola ezinendawo elinganiselwe yokufaka lapho ukuxhumana kwemishini kungafaneleki ukufakwa.
Izici Zobuchwepheshe Namanothi: Ibalula ngokungaqondile isivinini nedatha yokuhamba ngokuhlanganisa; kulula ukuyifaka. Kodwa-ke, kumele kunakwe ukukhukhuleka kokuhlanganisa, okungaba nomthelela omubi ekunembeni kokulinganisa.
Imihlahlandlela Yokufaka: Ama-sensor kufanele afakwe ngokuvikelekile ku-moving contact noma ezingxenyeni eziqinile zomshini wokudlulisa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunyakaza okuhambisanayo nokuthintana. Eminye imishini yokuhlola isekela ukuqashelwa okuzenzakalelayo kohlobo lwe-sensor, okwenza lula ukusetha imingcele, kodwa ukuqinisekisa ngesandla kusadingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukufakwa okuphephile nokuthembekile.
II. Amazinga Amanje Okuhlola Nokusebenza Kwawo
Kusungulwe uhlelo oluphelele olunezinga elithile lokuhlola izici zokusebenza kwe-breaker. Imibhalo ebalulekile yokubhekisela ekuhloleni endaweni ihlanganisa:
DL/T 846.3 “Izimfuneko Ezijwayelekile Zobuchwepheshe Zemishini Yokuhlola Amandla Aphezulu—Ingxenye 3: Isihloli Esiphelele Se-High Voltage Switchgear” (inguqulo yamanje DL/T 846.3-2017)
Leli zinga licacisa izimfuneko zobuchwepheshe, izindlela zokuhlola, kanye nemithetho yokuhlola yamathuluzi okuhlola, lakha isisekelo sokukhetha amathuluzi kanye nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwemishini.
DL/T 2890-2025 “Imihlahlandlela Yokuhlola Okwenziwa Endaweni Kwemishini Yama-Circuit Breaker Asebenza Nge-AC Ephezulu” (isebenza ngoDisemba 30, 2025)
Lolu cwazimagama luklanyelwe ngokuqondile ukuhlola okwenziwa endaweni kwemishini yama-high voltage AC circuit breaker ane-rating engu-7.2 kV nangaphezulu, luchaza ngokuphelele izimo zokuhlola, izinto zokuhlola, izinqubo zokusebenza, kanye nezimfuneko zokulungisa imibiko, lisebenza njengomhlahlandlela wakamuva onesiginesha yokuhlola endaweni.
I-GB 1984 “High Voltage Alternating Current Circuit Breakers” kanye nezindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe ezihambisanayo ze-IEC 62271 series
Chaza imfuneko zokuklama, izidingo zokukhiqiza, kanye nemingcele yokusebenza kwama-circuit breakers, okunikeza isisekelo esiyisisekelo sokuhlola imiphumela yokuhlola.
Empeleni, ukuhlola kufanele kulandele umgomo wokusebenzisa amazinga emishini njengesisekelo, imihlahlandlela yasensimini njengomhlahlandlela, kanye nemininingwane yomkhiqizo njengendlela yokwahlulela yokugcina, ukuqinisekisa ukuthobela kuyo yonke inqubo yokuhlola kanye nokuba semthethweni kwemiphumela.
Imininingwane Eyisihluthulelo Yokuhlola kanye Nemibandela Ejwayelekile Yokuhlola
Ngokuya ngezindinganiso ezingenhla, lezi zigaba zemininingwane ezilandelayo zidinga ukunakwa okukhulu ngesikhathi sokuhlola kwemishini ensimini:
Imininingwane Yesikhathi
Kuhlanganise nesikhathi sokuvula, isikhathi sokuvala, ukuvumelanisa phakathi kwezigaba ngesikhathi sokuvula nokuvala, kanye nobude besikhathi sokugxuma ngesikhathi sokuvala. Izidingo ezijwayelekile zereferensi: Ukuvumelanisa phakathi kwezigaba ≤2 ms kuma-vacuum circuit breaker, ≤3 ms kuma-SF₆ circuit breaker.
Imininingwane Yohambo Nejubane
Kuhlanganise nobude bohambo oluphelele, ibanga lokuvula, ukuhamba ngaphezu kwezinga, ijubane lokuqala lokuvula, ijubane lokuqala lokuvala, kanye nejubane eliphezulu kakhulu. Izikhathi ezihambisana namajubane okuvula nokuvala, kanye nezinye izincazelo zejubane, kufanele zisetshenziswe ngokuqinile ngokuhambisana nemibhalo yezobuchwepheshe ehlinzekwe ngumkhiqizi wemishini.
Izici Zikagesi Wokusebenza
Yenza ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwe-voltage ephansi ukuze uhlole ukuthembeka kwendlela yokusebenza ngaphansi kwezimo zokushintshashintsha kwe-voltage. Izidingo ezijwayelekile zokubhekisela: Akukho ukusebenza kokuvula okufanele kwenzeke lapho i-voltage yokusebenza ingaphansi noma ilingana no-30% we-voltage yokusebenza elinganiselwe; ukuvula okuthembekile kufanele kuzuzwe lapho i-voltage ingaphezu noma ilingana no-65% we-voltage yokusebenza elinganiselwe; ukuvala okuthembekile kufanele kuzuzwe lapho i-voltage ingaphezu noma ilingana no-85% we-voltage yokusebenza elinganiselwe. Isinqumo sokugcina sizosekelwa kumininingwane yobuchwepheshe enikezwe umkhiqizi wempahla.
I-Waveform Yamandla Kagesi E-Coil
Thwebula amajika esikhathi amanje kumakhoyili okuvula nokuvala. Ngokuhlaziya izici ze-waveform, hlola isimo sokusebenza kwe-core nesimo sekhoyili, futhi uhlonze amaphutha angaba khona afana nokubhajwa kwemishini.
Ukuhlolwa kwezici eziguqukayo ze-circuit breaker umsebenzi ochwepheshile kakhulu wasensimini. Ukukhetha okufanele nokufakwa okulungile kwezinsiza zokulinganisa kuyizidingo zokuqala zokuthola idatha enembile nethembekile yokuhlola. Ukulandela ngokuqinile izindinganiso zamanje, ezimelwe yi-DL/T 2890-2025, kwakha isisekelo sobuchwepheshe sokuqinisekisa imiphumela yokuhlola enembile nengakhethi.
Ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho abasebenzi bokuhlola ensimini benza ukuhlola, akumelwe nje kuphela bahlole isimo sezinsimbi zokuhlola kodwa futhi baqinisekise imingcele yegama le-circuit breaker ehlolwayo futhi babheke iziqondiso zobuchwazi zomkhiqizi. Kufanele bahlanganise izimiso ezijwayelekile nezimo zangempela zokusebenza kwemishini ukuze bakhiqize iziphetho zokuhlola ezihlanganisayo neziphelele.
Xhumana nathi
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